fclobi.blogg.se - Draw structures in hivebench

To help you determine which ELN is best for you, I’ve examined popular platforms based on what features they have, which features they lack, how they store your data and what they cost.Įvernote is a notetaking application that was not designed specifically for scientists.

Deciding which one is best suited for you (and perhaps the rest of your lab) can be a lengthy and difficult decision that can delay your conversion. For those of you who are ready to give the ELN a shot, you’ve probably done some research and realized that there are many interfaces available-all which come with different features and price tags. Here is a review of the popular ELN platforms available detailing the cost, pros and cons of each.Įlectronic lab notebooks are on the rise both in academia and industry, which means if your desk has started to look cluttered with paper like the one pictured above, it may be time for you to make the switch! If you’re not entirely convinced that an ELN is right for you, check out Pros and Cons of the Electronic Lab Notebook. This concept has many more applications in later sections.If you’ve decided to try out the electronic lab notebook and don’t know where to start, this article is for you. In one compound, carbons (or hydrogens) that belong to a different category show different structural and reactive properties. The hydrogen atoms attached on 1°, 2° and 3° carbon are labeled as 1°, 2° and 3° hydrogen respectively.įigure 2.1f Hydrogen atoms attached on 1°, 2° and 3° carbon

Quaternary (4°) carbon: attached to four other C atoms.

Tertiary (3°) carbon: attached directly to three other C atoms.

Secondary (2°) carbon: attached directly to two other C atoms.

Primary (1°) carbon: attached directly to only one other C atom.

The carbon atoms in organic structures can be categorized as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°) and quaternary (4°), depending on how many other carbons it connects with. While there is no simple formula that allows us to predict the total number of isomers for a certain number of carbons, the phenomena of constitutional isomers partially explains the high diversity of organic structures.Ģ.1.3 Recognition of 1 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 ° carbons For the example of alkanes with 20 carbons, that is C20H42, there are 366,319 constitutional isomers. The other possible situations include positional and functional constitutional isomers, which we will encounter later.Īs the number of carbons increases, the number of constitutional isomers increases dramatically. The constitutional isomers we have discussed so far have different lengths of carbon “backbones” and are also called skeletal constitutional isomers. There are a variety of formats to show the structural formulas of organic compounds, and it is important to be able to recognize different formula drawings and use them correctly to represent the structures.ĭraw all the constitutional isomers with a formula of C 7H 16. As the number of carbons increases, the boiling point and viscosity of alkanes increase. Alkanes with 5 to 8 carbons are the major components of gasoline, while diesel contains alkanes ranging from 9 to 16 carbons. Propane and butane are common fuels in propane gas burners and cigarette lighters.

Petroleum refining separates crude oil into different fractions, and each fraction consists of alkanes of a similar number of carbons. Natural gas contains mainly methane (70–90%) and some ethane. The primary sources of alkanes are natural gas and petroleum. Table 2.1 Names and Structures of Straight-Chain Alkanes The names and structures of straight-chain alkanes up to ten carbons are listed in the table below. The chain alkane fits the general formula of C nH 2n+2 ( n: positive integer), and the number of H atoms reaches the maximum level in chain alkanes.

2.1.1 Structures and Different Structure FormulasĪlkane is the simplest hydrocarbon with only C-C single bonds.